Government
Until 2006, Nepal was the only state in the world with Hinduism as the official religion. Since the decline of the monarchy, the country has become a secular state. Its recent history has been marked by a bloody civil war which ended with the victory of the CPN Maoist rebels-m, setting a national unity government and call for a Constituent Assembly. The latter organ | organ proclaimed on 28 May 2008 establishing a federal democratic republic, which put an end to more than 240 years of monarchy. [1] [2]
Nepal is considered a multicultural, multilingual and secular country. Despite being a small state compared to its huge neighbors, the country has a wide and diverse range of land that stretches from the humid jungle planícies the Terai, to the highest peaks and icy land. The Nepalese people are mainly Hindu despite having a deep and ancient Buddhist tradition, centered in the town of Lumbini, birthplace of Gautama Buddha.
Much of the population is concentrated in the valley and the city of Kathmandu, capital of the state. The official language is Nepali, the official currency is the Nepalese Rupee and the flag has the peculiarity of being the only one country that has no form of quadrilateral.
Political and social reforms limited
In 1990 Nepal became a democratic country with a deployment of multipartidisme under a constitutional monarchy. This was accompanied by a different social and administrative reforms, especially aimed at combating discrimination and social exclusion.
During the 90s, gave birth to a number of important political and economic reforms and development initiatives which contributed considerably to a significant improvement for the integration of the country towards a more modern system.
Some of the key reforms were made in the potential of the education system and health and drinking water. Despite this progress experienced in the development of the human population, development of Nepal has been limited by several factors such as a winding terrain accompanied by poor communications infrastructure, a limited creation of new financial resources, high spending and transport investment, lack of effective governance and a high population growth.
1996-2006: 10 years of political conflict
In 1996 began the country internal political conflict, which some have regarded as a real civil war, caused by the clash between a political movement inspired Maoist and government forces and monàrquiques. This conflict has led to a significant increase in human rights abuses that have aroused the interest and concern of the international community. The conflict led to more than 13,000 deaths and 200,000 internally displaced.
Although the Nepali territory was occupied by 80%, by the forces of the revolutionary movement, the government official was held with great instability. In 2002 was dissolved Parliament, it happening three provisional government until the February 2005 the king took all personal political powers. The popular pressure made in April 2006 could be up to the new Parliament, dismissed the king of his powers.
This made possible an agreement between the government and the Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist (CPN-Maoist), which was signed on 21 November 2006 il'establiment a provisional government mulipartidista. This agreement represents the culmination of years of negotiation processes between the parties, is starting a new phase which is to culminate with the announcement of general elections in November 2007.
The persistence of poverty and inequality are factors fueling the insurgency in the country il'enrotllament many young people in the Maoist movement. To improve the situation of the population the government has implemented various policy reforms such as education programs for girls, girls education as a teacher of primary education, exemption from rates for women for the purchase of lands, banning discriminatory practices and establishment of practice of positive discrimination of women in management and strategic planning programs.